Category Archives: News

A ‘Huge Breakthrough’ in the Math of Imbalance

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Quanta Magazine

For the first time in 30 years, computer scientists have found a better way to allocate objects evenly between two groups.

One does not need a doctorate in mathematics to split 12 eager trivia buffs into two competitive teams. But consider that each person arrives with unique strengths and liabilities: One may be a geography obsessive with no ear for music, another could be a naturalist who doesn’t own a television, and another could be a cinephile who never reads. Balancing traits between two camps becomes a lot harder.

So, how evenly can you assemble the teams so that they have matching firepower in every category, from Greek mythology to college basketball?

You can always make the teams surprisingly even, according to researchers studying combinatorial discrepancy theory.

Read the full story in Quanta Magazine

New CRISPR Phase 1 trial hints at a first-of-its-kind heart treatment on horizon

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Drug Discovery News

A gene therapy targeting ANTIGPTL3 reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels simultaneously.

Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high triglycerides each affect about one in four adults worldwide. But a new CRISPR-Cas9 therapy may reduce the risk of major heart events caused by cholesterol and triglycerides.

LDL and triglycerides are risk factors for plaque buildup in heart disease. On Saturday morning, a team of researchers from Cleveland Clinic, CRISPR Therapeutics, Victorian Heart Institute, New Zealand Clinical Research, and Royal Adelaide Hospital published results in the New England Journal of Medicine from a 15-person Phase 1 trial of CTX310, which cut levels of both by about half.

Read the full story in Drug Discovery News

New therapies could regenerate the heart after heart failure

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Drug Discovery News

New progress presented at an annual conference of the American Heart Association signals renewed hope to repair the heart after injury.

When heart failure doesn’t kill immediately, it kills slowly. The heart is said to “remodel” after injury but often can’t come back stronger. Injured sections lose their vital nerves, or gain back too many. Fibroblast cells thicken the pump’s walls with collagen. The adult heart scars, and this weakens its output.

The problem is that adult hearts aren’t programmed to bounce back to their prior abilities. Yet “everything you need to regenerate a heart should exist in the mammalian genome,” said Ahmed Mahmoud, who studies regenerative biology at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. “We know that early in life, the mammalian heart could actually do it by itself.” In 2011, Mahmoud and colleagues reported that mammals’ hearts can regenerate at very young ages: One-day-old mice recovered from having small slivers of their hearts cut out; seven-day-old mice didn’t.

Read the full story in Drug Discovery News

Gene-edited stem cells aim to reverse rheumatoid arthritis

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Drug Discovery News

A new approach for gene editing will get its shot in a common and chronic autoimmune disorder.

At the root of anything good or bad in the human immune system is a question about recognition. When the immune system functions correctly, it clocks unrecognized bacteria and viruses. When it misbehaves, immune cells misidentify the body’s tissue as its own. Such autoimmune disorders attack the pancreas in type 1 diabetes, nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis, and joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recognition also stifles the drugs designed to treat immune symptoms: Our bodies can develop drug-specific antibodies that target them.

Read the full story in Drug Discovery News

The drugs of the future are in the animals of the past

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SEQUENCER

The genomes of extinct creatures like mammoths and giant sloths code for natural antibiotics we’ve never seen. So, now what?

César de la Fuente’s lab has a knack for finding antibiotics in usual places. He doesn’t trudge through swamps or remote forests like a pharmacological Indiana Jones. His lab instead combs through genetic data collected from creatures across all time.  

In just the last few years, they’ve documented unreported antimicrobial compounds hidden in the genomes of Neanderthals, the world’s microbes, and within ourselves. Now, their latest feat carries the torch thanks to a brand new machine learning algorithm they call APEX: antibiotic peptide de-extinction. 

Read the full story and subscribe to Sequencer Magazine

An emotional public hearing on MDMA: ‘Today you will vote on whether my friends live or die’

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Sequencer

The FDA may approve psychedelic-assisted therapy for PTSD, but at a recent public hearing it was the therapy — not the drug — that burned in the hot seat.

Yesterday, June 4th, an advisory committee convened to discuss whether to recommend that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve MDMA psychedelic-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when the agency renders a decision this summer. The drug application’s sponsor, Lykos Therapeutics, a biopharma company focusing on mental health treatments, had led two Phase 3 clinical trials combining MDMA with a therapy philosophy allegedly rooted in controversial New Age ideas. The advisory committee invited members of the public to speak. More than 30 individuals shared their testimony in favor or against approval. 

Rather than a straightforward, dusty bureaucratic session, the hearing was eye-opening, puzzling, fascinating, and profoundly sad. 

Read the full story in Sequencer